React offers multiple state management approaches. useState for local component state. useReducer for complex local state logic. useContext for shared state across a component tree.
Zustand is lightweight and simple: const useStore = create((set) => ({ count: 0, increment: () => set((s) => ({ count: s.count + 1 })) })).
Redux Toolkit modernized Redux with createSlice, RTK Query for data fetching, and DevTools integration. Best for large apps with complex state interactions.
Jotai and Recoil offer atomic state — individual pieces of state that update independently. Great for performance since only affected components re-render.
Context API is built-in but causes re-renders for all consumers when value changes. Use it sparingly for infrequently changing values like theme or language.
Choose based on complexity: local state for component data, Zustand/Jotai for moderate shared state, Redux for enterprise apps.